KTBS KARNATAKA
STATE SYLLABUS
CLASS – 7
ENGLISH MEDIUM
SUBJECT – SOCIAL STUDIES
HISTORY
UNIT 6.Impact of British Rule
I. Answer the following in a sentence each:
1. Who introduced the Permanent Zamindari System?
Answer: The Permanent Zamindari System was introduced by Governor General Cornwallis.
2. What is the Ryotwari system?
Answer: The Ryotwari system is a revenue system where farmers directly paid land tax to the government without intermediaries.
3. How much money was set aside for Indian education in the Charter Act of 1813?
Answer: One lakh rupees were set aside for Indian education in the Charter Act of 1813.
4. Who implemented the Regulating Act? And when?
Answer: The Regulating Act was implemented by Warren Hastings in 1773.
5. Which are the Indian universities established in 1857?
Answer: The universities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras were established in 1857.
II. Discuss in group and answer the following:
1. How did the Permanent Zamindari System influence the farmers?
Answer: The Permanent Zamindari System negatively impacted farmers as Zamindars exploited them by collecting high taxes. Farmers were forced to pay taxes even during poor harvests, which led to poverty and the decline of agricultural productivity.
2. Explain the impact of Western Education.
Answer: Western education helped Indians gain access to modern knowledge, unite through a common language (English), and foster a sense of nationalism. It also led to new literary movements and social reforms, but distanced Indians from their cultural roots.
3. Mention some of the important Constitutional reforms in India.
Answer: Important Constitutional reforms include:
The Regulating Act of 1773.
Pitt’s India Act of 1784.
Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909.
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919.
The Government of India Act of 1935.
III. Match the following items mentioned in ‘A’ with information given in ‘B’:
1. Warren Hastings – c) Collection of tax by auction.
2. Cornwallis – a) Permanent Zamindari System.
3. Thomas Munroe – e) Ryotwari System.
4. William Bentinck – b) English Education.
5. Dadabhai Navroji – d) Wealth drain theory.
IV. Discuss:
1. The Revenue system of the British and the Present system of Revenue.
Answer: The British revenue system was exploitative, with the Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems imposing high taxes on farmers, often leading to their impoverishment. In contrast, the present revenue system in India is more organized and transparent, with land taxes based on standardized assessments and relief measures in place for farmers during natural disasters. Today, taxes are collected by the government, ensuring fair practices and development for the welfare of society.
Important points from the chapter “The Growth of British Supremacy (1758-1856 C.E)”:
Important Dates: Key dates include the Battle of Buxar (1764), Grant of Diwani Rights (1765), Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance (1799-1805), and Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse (1848-1856).
British Supremacy (1758-1856 C.E.): The chapter discusses the rise of British political and economic dominance in India through significant events like the Battle of Buxar, Diwani Rights, and several Anglo wars.
Robert Clive’s Role: Robert Clive was appointed as the first Governor of Bengal in 1758. He played a significant role in establishing British power in India.
Looting of Bengal: Clive and the East India Company’s officials looted Bengal’s wealth, which led to a rapid decline in the region’s prosperity.
Corruption and Maladministration: After Clive’s departure, Company officials engaged in private trade and corruption, leading to severe economic exploitation and misrule in Bengal.
Battle of Buxar (1764 C.E.): The British defeated the alliance of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Oudh, and the Mughal king. This victory strengthened British control in India.
Grant of Diwani Rights (1765 C.E.): Clive returned to India and secured Diwani rights over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, giving the British the authority to collect land revenue.
Economic Exploitation: The Diwani rights enabled the British to exploit Bengal economically by collecting taxes and filling their coffers, leading to widespread famine and suffering.
Regulating Act (1773 C.E.): The British government passed this Act to control the corrupt practices of Company officials. Warren Hastings was appointed as the first Governor-General.
Pitts India Act (1784): This Act corrected the defects of the Regulating Act and strengthened British control over Indian administration.
Anglo-Mysore Wars (1767-1799 C.E.): The British fought four wars with Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, leading to the capture and division of Mysore, which enhanced British power in South India.
Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775-1818 C.E.): The British fought three wars with the Marathas, ultimately defeating them and bringing their territories under British control.
Anglo-Sikh Wars: After Ranjit Singh’s death, the British took advantage of the internal conflicts among Sikhs, leading to four wars and the annexation of Punjab in 1849.
Doctrine of Subsidiary Alliance: Lord Wellesley introduced this policy (1799-1805) to make Indian states dependent on British military support, leading to their loss of sovereignty and territory.
Effects of the Subsidiary Alliance: The policy weakened the financial and political independence of Indian states, bringing them indirectly under British control.
Doctrine of Lapse: Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) introduced this policy, which allowed the British to annex states that lacked a direct heir, leading to the annexation of significant territories like Satara, Nagpur, and Jhansi.
Annexation of Territories: By 1856, two-thirds of India was under British control, largely due to the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
Internal Conflicts Among Indians: The lack of unity and internal rivalry among Indian states made it easier for the British to establish control.
Economic Exploitation and Famine: British economic policies led to severe famines, like the one in Bengal, where they profited by selling essential commodities at high prices.
Revolt of 1857: Widespread dissatisfaction with British policies and exploitation culminated in the Revolt of 1857, considered by many as the first war of Indian Independence.